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Data & spreadsheets · course 37 of 105

Statistics for Data Analysis by Hand

Work out the statistics behind everyday reports by hand, from averages and standard deviation to z-scores, outliers, correlation, a best-fit line and a 95% confidence interval.

4 modules

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Preview

What it teaches

The statistics behind everyday reports and dashboards: mean, median and mode (and why one big value drags the mean), range, variance and standard deviation (sample vs population), z-scores, the 68-95-99.7 rule, quartiles, IQR and outlier fences, correlation and a least-squares line, why correlation isn’t cause, and a 95% confidence interval for a mean. All by hand on small data. The AI asks 3 questions, places you, shows a short card per module, then gives you one problem at a time and checks your answer against keys computed by script, and when your wrong answer is one of the common slips listed for that problem it names it (“that divides by n; a sample divides by n − 1”); otherwise it shows the key and the working.

Analysts, students and career-changers who use averages, dashboards and A/B tests but never learned what the numbers mean. It teaches describing data and reading an estimate. It does not teach hypothesis tests, so it will not tell you whether an A/B result is significant.

How long

40 items. About 45-60 rounds for a beginner (a simulated run took 56; for someone who already knows the basics it took 15) plus a 12-item final: 2-3 sessions (not timed with a real student). The tutor gives a one-line save code at the end of each session.

The modules

4 modules, drilled one item at a time.

  1. M0

    The words

    Concept questions

  2. M1

    Centre and spread

    Maths

  3. M2

    Where a value sits

    Maths

  4. M3

    Relationships and estimates

    Maths

Before it teaches, it asks

  1. 1
    What brings you here: work reports, a class or exam, an interview, or curiosity? Which of these words do you already use: mean, median, standard deviation?
    AI voice (ElevenLabs)
  2. 2
    Data: 4, 8, 6, 5, 3, 8, 9. What’s the median?
  3. 3
    Test mean 70, standard deviation 8. You scored 86. What’s your z-score?

What’s exact, and what isn’t

Show

Straight from the course’s own notes.

Computed by script
Every answer except three, which were written by hand (the 10 definition answers are text), with Python’s statistics module, cross-checked by hand formulas on exact fractions; quartile items use only data where four common methods agree (Python inclusive and exclusive, Tukey’s median of halves with and without the middle value; the script refuses others); the 1.96 is computed from the normal distribution; all 24 listed wrong answers are checked to differ from the key and 15 of them are reproduced by applying the slip.
Sourced
Definitions from the NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods and Wikipedia; short quotes matched word for word on 2026-10-10.
Simplified on purpose
The confidence interval uses a known population SD (z, not t).
Not in it yet
Hypothesis tests and p-values, t-intervals, probability rules.